PSA in case any of you are experiencing this issue. Disabling USB selective suspend has resolved the issue for me for the time being.
Symptoms
H150I Elite Capellix disappears from iCue; sometimes it appears and disappears intermittently
In Device Manager (DEVMGMT.MSC) USB shows an error and "reset" in device manager
In iCUE, color profiles and themes do not apply, apply partially, or apply intermittently to RGB fans connected to the H150i
iCUE restart, service restart, and removal / re-install do not resolve the issue
In Device Manager, Uninstalling and re-installing the H150i does not resolve the issue
Resolution
Disable USB selective suspend
In Power Options (legacy Control Panel (CONTROL.EXE) > Power Options), select "Change plan settings" for the active power plan
Select "Change advanced power settings"
Open "USB settings" > "USB selective suspend setting"
Set the Setting to Disabled
Note this change must be configured individually for each power plan
Relevant hardware
ASUS ROG Crosshair VIII Dark Hero motherboard
AMD CPU
H150i Elite Capellix using the USB headers on the motherboard