Got an update, in case anyone sees this thread in a year, I don’t want to leave it without resolution!
I’ve run the computer all week with no panels. Haven’t had a single error during post since. This morning, I received an email back from Corsair Support. I decided to finish cleaning up my wires and put the panels back on. Lo and behold, as soon as I put the panels on, the error returned! But I went ahead and followed Corsair’s recommendation, which I’ve attached to this post. I’ve let the computer sit for about thirty minutes, booted it up, shut it back down, and repeated that three times now, with the case panels on, and it’s had no trouble with post. I’m hoping this has resolved my issue, and that it will help anyone else running into the same problem in the future! : - )