I'm expriencing something similar, but in my case, the problem occurs if I log in immediately after the Win10 login prompt appears. iCUE will also complain that there are no devices detected. If I kill and restart iCUE, it _may_ detect my kbd and mouse. But sometime it won't.
However, I noticed that if I don't log in immediately after booting up, but instead, wait for my keyboard's and mouse's rgb effects to start, everything is fine. So after powering on and booting up, I'd have to wait until iCUE kicks in before I log in.