First, verify that the microphone is set as your input device (in Windows 10, right-click on the speaker icon in the Task Bar and choose "Sound Settings". From there, make sure the Corsair Viruoso is selected under the Input section.
If that does not correct the issue, then try this, if you are using USB mode for the headset, switch it to wireless mode. I just tested my Virtuoso headset, and the microphone does not work for me in USB mode. However, when I switched it to wireless mode, then the microphone started working.